Europeone arraival

BD‡iv‡ci AvMgb

1. 1487 mv‡j cZ©yMxR bvweK ev_©‡jvwgD w`qvR cÖ_g fviZ e‡l©i mgy`ª c_ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|‡Mvqv, `gb, w`D cZ©yMxR‡`i Aax‡b wQj|
2. cZ©yMxR bvweK fv‡¯‹v-`v-Mvgv fviZ e‡l© Av‡mb 1498 mv‡j|wZwb fvi‡Z Avmvi Rjc_ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
3. cZ©yMxR‡`i ci Ij›`vRiv fvi‡Z Av‡mb| 1602 mv‡j Ij›`vRMY fvi‡Z Av‡mb ÔBDbvB‡UW B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbxÕ MVb K‡i| G‡`i cÖavb NuvwU wQj gv`ªv‡Ri bvMcÆg I e½‡`‡ki PuyP~ov|
4. 1600 mv‡j Bs‡iR ewYKMY B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbx MVb K‡i| 1608 mv‡j myiv‡U cÖ_g KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i gyNj mgªvU Rvnv½x‡ii AbygwZµ‡g| 1700 mv‡j †dvU© DBwjqvg `yM© wbg©vY K‡ib|1668 mv‡j XvKvq cÖ_g Bs‡iR KzwV ¯’vwcZ nq|
5. w`‡bgviMY Ô‡Wwbk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbxÕ MVb K‡i 1616 Lªx÷‡ã|
6. 1690 mv‡j Re Pvb©K myZvbywU MÖv‡g eZ©gvb KwjKvZv bMixi cÖwZôv K‡ib|
7. 1664 mv‡j divmx mgªvU PZ©y`k jyB ivRZ¡Kv‡j Ôdivmx B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbxÕ MwVZ nq| 1668 mv‡j myiv‡U GKwU evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i|
8. KjKvZv †dvU© DBwjqvg `y‡M© AÜK~c nZ¨v msNwUZ nq 1756 mv‡j|
9. GQvov myBwWk, Aw÷ªqvbiv fviZe‡l© Av‡mb evwY‡R¨i D‡Ï‡k¨|

weªwUk Avgj

1. ‡ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi †bÎx -   BjvwgÎ
2. dwKi mb¨vmx‡`i k³NuvwU wQj -  DËie‡½| mb¨vmx‡`i D‡j­L‡hvM¨ †bZv †K -  fevbx cvVK
3. gymjgvb‡`I g‡a¨ †K me©cÖ_g e½xq AvBb cwil‡`I m`m¨ g‡bvbxZ nb -  beve Ave`yj jwZd
4. mZ¨MÖn Av‡›`vjb: ïi“ K‡ib †K -  gnvZ¥v MvÜx| evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb A‡j mZ¨MÖn Av‡›`vjb LyeB kw³kvjx wQj -  gywÝMÄ I cUzqvLvjx|
5. Awnsmv I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb: Gi RbK gnvZ¥v MvÜx|
6. gymwjg mvwnZ¨ mgvR: Gi cÖwZôvZv bIqve Ave`yj jwZd|
7. gymwjg jxM: beve mwjgyj­vnÕi D‡`¨v‡M cÖwZwôZ|
8. div‡qRx Av‡›`vjb: cÖeZ©b K‡ib nvRx †gvnv¤§` kixqZzj­vn| wZwbB cÖ_g evsjvi gymjgvb whwbcjvmxi civaxbZvigymjgvb‡`I Pig AebwZi K_v Dcjwä K‡ib| Zvi g„Zz¨I ci `y`y wgqv div‡qRx Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ MÖnY K‡ib| `y`ywgqv Av‡›`vjb‡K mkmª msMÖv‡giƒc †`b| `y`ywgqvi Dw³ Rwg †_‡K LvRbv Av`vq Avj­vni AvB‡bi cwicš’x|
9. ‡Kvb K‡jR‡K †cÖwm‡WÝx K‡i‡R iƒcvš—wiZ Kiv nq -  wn›`y K‡jR|
10. ¯^ivR `‡ji †bZv wQ‡jb -  wPËiÄb `vm
11. AvRv` wn›` †dŠR cÖwZôv K‡ib -  †bZvRx myevlP›`ª emy
12. cÖZvcvw`Z¨ †Kvb A‡ji Rwg`vi wQ‡jb -  h‡kvi-Lyjbv
13. mZx`vn cÖ_v we‡jvc K‡ib -  †ew›U¼
14. fviZ eÜz bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jb †h fvBmiq -  jW© wicb
15. cuvPkvjv e‡›`ve¯— †`b †nw÷sm|
16. evsjvi cÖ_g gyL¨gš¿x nb †k‡i evsjv G‡K dRjyj nK| wZwb HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯—ve K‡ib| ‡KvjKvZv wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi cÖ_g gymwjg †gqi -  †k‡i evsjv G‡K dRjyj nK
18. ALÛ evsjvi †kl gyL¨gš¿x wQ‡jb -  †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x
19. Ks‡MÖ‡mi cÖ_g mfvcwZ wQ‡jb -  e¨vOvwj e¨vwi÷vi D‡gk P›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
20. weªwUk cvj©v‡g‡›Ui fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g m`m¨ †K wQ‡jb -  `v`v fvB bI‡ivRx
21. 1905 mv‡j beMwVZ cÖ‡`‡ki cÖ_g ‡jd‡Ub¨v›U Mfb©i wQ‡jb -  e¨vgwdì dzjvi
23. KjKvZv q cÖ_g i½g ˆZwi nq K‡e -  1753 mv‡j (bvg `¨ †c­ nvDR)
24. cvwbc‡_i 3qhy× AbywôZ nq 1761 mv‡j Avn‡g` kvn Ave`vjx RexÕi mv‡_ gvivVv‡`i|
25. ievU© K¬vBf evsjv, wenvi I Dwoh¨vi †`Iqvbx jvf K‡i Ô‰ØZ kvmb e¨e¯’vÕ Pvjy K‡ib 1765 mv‡j| K¬vB‡fi ‰ØZ kvmb e¨e¯’vi Kzdj wQqvˇii gš^š—i hv evsjv 1176 mv‡j nq|
26. evsjv‡`‡k bxj Pvl ïi“ nq K‡e -  1777 mv‡j
27. wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯— cÖeZ©b K‡ib jW© KY©Iqvwjm 1793 mv‡ji 22 gvP©|
28. mwZ`vn cÖ_v wejyß nq 1829 mv‡j|
29. wZZzgx‡ii we‡`ªvn msNwUZ nq -  1831 mv‡j|wZwbB cÖ_g ev½vjx whwb 1g C÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbxi wei“‡× A¯¿ avib K‡i knx` nb| Zvi cÖK…Z bvg gxi wbmvi Avjx|
30. Dcgnv‡`‡k B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi kvm‡bi (1757-1857) Aemvb nq †Kvb mv‡j? -  1857 mv‡j
31. wmcvnx wec­e: 1857 mv‡ji Afy¨Ìv‡bi ivR‰bwZK KviY jW© Wvj‡nŠwmi mvgªvR¨ev`bxwZ|wmcvnx wec­e msNwUZ nq jW© K¨vwbs‡qi mg‡q|e¨_©Zvi KviY msMV‡bi Afve, DbœZ A‡¯¿i Afve, A‰bK¨fve| wmcvnx wec­‡ei mgq cÖ_g AvZ¥ nwZ †`b †K -   g½j cv‡Û| wmcvnx we‡`ªv‡ni m~Pbv nq -  cwðgevsjvi e¨vivKcy‡i|XvKvq jvjevM `y‡M© nq|
32. 1863 mv‡j †gvnv‡gWvb wjUv‡iwi †mvmvBwU MVb K‡ib †K -  Ave`yj jwZd
33. jW© KvR©b: weªwUk‡`i g‡a¨ G‡`‡ki D‡j­L‡hvM¨ wk¶v ms¯‹viK|
34. KvR©b n‡ji wfwË cÖ¯—i ¯’vcb K‡ib -  14 †deª“qvixÕ1904 jW© KvR©b
35. KvR©b nj †Kvb mv‡j wbwg©Z nq – 1904
36. e½f½: Kvh©Ki nq 1905 mv‡j|jW© KvR©‡bi mg‡q|e½e‡½i gva¨‡g c~e©e½ I Avmvg bv‡g bZzb cÖ‡`k MwVZ nq| e½f½ i‡`i †Nvmbv nq 1911 mv‡ji 12wW‡m¤^i| e½f½ i‡`i mycvwik K‡ib jW© nvwW©Ä|e½e‡½i wei“‡× †bZ…Z¡ †`b Aiwe›`y †Nvl| e½f½‡K mg_©b Rvbvq -   beve mwjgyj­vn
37. ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡bi Drm 1905 mv‡ji e½f½ we‡ivax MYRvMiY (Aiwe›`y †Nvl, iex›`ªbv_ cÖgyL †bZ…Z¡ †`b)
38. gymwjg jxM cÖwZwôZ nq 1906 mv‡j|
39. weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b PÆMÖv‡gi A¯¿vMvi jyɇbi `v‡q m~h©‡mb‡K 1931 mv‡j dvuwm †`qv nq|
40. cÂv‡ki gš^š—iÕ n‡qwQj K‡e -  1943 mv‡j
41. ÔfviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBbÕ cvm nq K‡e -  18RyjvB, 1947 mv‡j gymwjg jxM I Ks‡MÖ‡mi m¤§wZ‡Z
42. wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i cÖe³v gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn| 1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM÷ wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i (¯^Zš¿ mËv I AvZ¥wbqš¿Yvax‡bi) wfwˇZ cvwK¯—vb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq|
43. weªwUk ewYK‡`I wei“‡× GKRb PvKgv Rywgqv †bZv we‡`ªv‡ni cZvKv Dwo‡qwQj Zvi bvg -  Ry¤§v Lvb|
44. fviZ-cvwK¯—vb wefw³i mgq Bsj¨v‡Ûi cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb -  GUwj
45. Dcgnv‡`‡ki me©‡kl Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij wQ‡jb-  jW© gvD›U e¨v‡Ub (wZwb ¯^vaxb fvi‡Zi cÖ_g Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij)|
46. Dcgnv‡`‡ki gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ me©cÖ_g ivRbxwZi wk¶v we¯—vi K‡ib ˆmq` Avgxi Avjx|
47. gnvZ¥v MvÜx evsjv‡`‡ki †bvqvLvjx †Rjvq mdi K‡iwQ‡jb|